Source+Two

Lansford, Jennifer E., Kenneth A. Dodge, Gregory S. Pettit, John E. Bates, Joseph Crozier, and Julie Kaplow. "A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Long-term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence." //Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine // 156.8 (2002): n. pag. //Jama Network //. JAMA Network, Aug. 2002. Web. 08 Aug. 2012. .

1. As shown, adolescents who had been maltreated early in life had lower grades and standardized test scores in language arts, were absent from school almost twice as many days, and were suspended from school more than twice as many times as adolescents who had not been maltreated.

2. In grade 11, mothers reported that adolescents who had experienced early maltreatment had levels of aggression, anxiety/depression, dissociation, delinquent behaviors, PTSD, social problems, thought problems, and social withdrawal that were on average twice as high as those of their nonmaltreated counterparts.

3. Adolescents who were maltreated reported more behavior problems than did their nonmaltreated counterparts... and were less likely to anticipate attending college.

4. Boys and girls who had been maltreated were more likely to experience adjustment problems compared with nonmaltreated adolescents, but the effects of early maltreatment were stronger for girls than for boys.

5. Minority adolescents who were maltreated were suspended more often and had more behavior problems than did minority adolescents who were not maltreated.

6. These finding indicate that physical maltreatment in the first 5 years of life places a child at risk for a variety of psychological and behavioral problems during adolescence.

7. 74% of adolescents who had been maltreated experienced at least one adjustment problem compared with only 43% of nonmaltreated adolescents.

8. Twenty-one percent of maltreated adolescents experienced three or more problems compared with 7% of nonmaldreated adolescents.

9. The long-term effects of early physical maltreatment seem to be worse for girls than for boys and for minority than white adolescents, although the latter finding should be interpreted with caution because the sample of maltreated minority children was small.

10. There is evidence that parents' use of physical discipline is related to problem behavior for European American children but that there is no relation between physical discipline and problem behaviors for African American children.

11. These finding indicate that physical maltreatment in the first five years of life places a child at risk for a variety of psychological and behavioral problems during adolescence.

12. Annually, according to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, approximately 3 million children are referred to local child protective service agencies as possible victims of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect.

13. Sixty-nine children (11.8% of the sample) were classified as having experienced early physical maltreatment, a rate comparable with other reports using national samples.

14. Correlations between the Dissociation and PTSD scales and the other subscales range from 0.53 to 0.82; correlations among the other subscales range from 0.44 to 0.70.

15. However, adolescents who had been maltreated did not differ from those who had not been maltreated on these dimensions based on their own reports.